Nanocarrier for levodopa Parkinson therapeutic drug; comprehensive benserazide analysis

Controlled-release levodopa methyl ester/benserazide-loaded nanoparticles ameliorate levodopa-induced dyskinesia in rats

BACKGROUND Levodopa remains the most effective drug in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, long-term administration of levodopa induces motor complications, such as levodopa-induced dyskinesia. The mechanisms underlying levodopa-induced dyskinesia are not fully understood. METHODS In this study, we prepared levodopa methyl ester (LDME)/benserazide-loaded nanoparticles, which can re...

ethosome: a nanocarrier for transdermal drug delivery

ethosomes are a novel and alternative drug delivery systems and currently the focus of many research activities. ethosomes are soft, flexible vesicles that are composed mainly of phospholipids, ethanol and water. ethosomes can provide better skin permeation than liposomes and deliver enhanced amounts of both small and large therapeutic agents through skin and targeting to deeper skin layers for...

Biomimetic nanocarrier for direct cytosolic drug delivery.

The ability to transport a large quantity of drug molecules into cytosolic compartments of cancer cells has powerful implications in modern molecular therapeutics because the sites of action of the drugs are often cytosolic organelles. Furthermore, direct cytosolic delivery might offer a means to evade efflux transporters, such as multidrug-resistance proteins and P-glycoproteins. Nanoparticle ...

Levodopa/benserazide microspheres reduced levodopa-induced dyskinesia by downregulating phosphorylated GluR1 expression in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats

BACKGROUND Levodopa is the gold standard in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, long-term levodopa replacement therapy is accompanied by abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs), known as levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Until now, the precise mechanisms of LID were only partially understood. Previous studies have shown that continuous dopamine stimulation was helpful in reducing...

Minimizing levodopa infusion titration period for Parkinson ’ s disease ,